The Main Engineering Branches

Engineers apply scientific principles to design or develop structures, equipment, or processes. Engineering encompasses several disciplines. Traditionally, the main branches of engineering are chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering, but there are many other areas of specialization. Key Takeaways: Branches of Engineering Engineering is a huge discipline. In general, an engineer applies scientific knowledge to solve practical problems and design equipment and processes.Engineering students typically study one of the main branches of engineering: chemical, electrical, civil, and mechanical.Many more disciplines are available, with more described over time. Examples include aerospace engineering and computer engineering. Here is a summary of the main branches of engineering: Acoustical Engineering Engineering concerned with the analysis and control of vibration, particularly sound vibrations. Aerospace Engineering Aerospace engineering deals with aeronautics and astronautic engineering, including the design and analysis of aircraft, satellites,  and spacecraft. Agricultural Engineering This branch of engineering deals with farm machinery and structures, natural resources, bioenergy and farm power systems. Sub-disciplines include food engineering, aquaculture, and bioprocess engineering. Automotive Engineering Automotive engineers are involved in the design, manufacture, and performance of cars and trucks. Biological Engineering Biological engineering is applied biology and medicine. It includes biomedical engineering, biochemical engineering, protein engineering, genetic engineering, and tissue engineering. Biomedical Engineering Biomedical engineering is an interdisciplinary specialty that applies engineering principles to medical and biological problems and systems. This discipline commonly deals with medical therapies, monitoring devices, and diagnostic tools. Chemical Engineering Chemical engineering (CE) applies chemistry to develop new materials and processes to convert materials into useful products. Civil Engineering Civil engineering (CE) is one of the oldest forms of engineering. Civil engineering pertains to the discipline pertaining to the design, construction, analysis, and maintenance of structures, both natural and man-made, including bridge, roads, dams, and buildings. Sub-disciplines of civil engineering may include construction engineering, materials engineering, control engineering, structural engineering, urban engineering, municipal engineering, biomechanics, and surveying. Computer Engineering Computer engineering integrates computer science with electrical engineering to develop and analyze circuits, microprocessors, and computers. Computer engineers tend to focus more on hardware while software engineers traditionally focus on programming and software design. Electrical Engineering Electrical engineering (EE) involves the study and application of electricity and electronics. Some consider computer engineering and software engineering to be subdisciplines of electrical engineering. Electronic engineering, optical engineering, power engineering, control engineering, and telecommunications engineering are EE specialities. Energy Engineering Energy engineering is a multidisciplinary engineering field that integrates aspects of mechanical, chemical, and electrical engineering to address alternative energy, energy efficiency, plant engineering, environmental compliance, and related technologies. Engineering Management Engineering management combines engineering and management principles to develop and assess business practices. These engineers help plan and administrate businesses from their inception through operation. They are involved in product development, design engineering, construction, manufacturing, and marketing. Environmental Engineering Environmental engineering works to prevent or remediate pollution or to maintain or improve the natural environment. This includes water, land, and air resources. Related disciplines are industrial hygiene and environmental engineering law. Industrial Engineering Industrial engineering pertains to the design and study of logistics and industrial resources. Types of industrial engineering include safety engineering, construction engineering, manufacturing engineering, textile engineering, reliability engineering, component engineering, and systems engineering. Manufacturing Engineering Manufacturing engineering designs, studies and develops machines, tool, manufacturing processes, and equipment. Mechanical Engineering Mechanical engineering (ME) may be considered the mother of all engineering branches. Mechanical engineering applies physical principles and materials science to the design, manufacture, and analysis of mechanical systems. Mechatronics Mechatronics combines mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, frequently in the analysis of automated systems. Robotics, avionics, and instrumentation engineering may be considered types of mechatronics. Nanoengineering Nanoengineering is the application of engineering on the vastly miniaturized or nanoscopic scale. Nuclear Engineering Nuclear engineering is the practical application of nuclear processes, such as those used to produce and harness nuclear power. Petroleum Engineering Petroleum engineers apply scientific principles to detect, drill and extract crude oil and natural gas. Types of petroleum engineering includes drilling engineering, reservoir engineering, and production engineering. Structural Engineering Structural engineering pertains to the design and analysis of load-bearing structures and supports. In many cases, this is a subdiscipline of civil engineering, but structural engineering also applies to other structures, such as vehicles and machinery. Vehicle Engineering Engineering pertaining to design, manufacture, and operation of vehicles and their components. Branches of vehicle engineering include naval architecture, automotive engineering, and aerospace engineering. There are many more engineering branches, with more being developed all the time as new technologies develop. Many undergraduates start out seeking degrees in mechanical, chemical, civil, or electrical engineering and develop specializations through internships, employment, and advanced education.

Attitudes Towards Disabled People Are Not Exactly Ideal.

Attitudes towards Disabled people are not exactly ideal. Personally, I am disabled and I have firsthand knowledge of how many disabled people are treated in society. Disabled people have feelings just like people that aren’t disabled. Rude stares and hateful comments shouldn’t be something disabled people have to deal with. That is why I think the way society treats disabled people needs to change. As a disabled person I feel that, I have to deal with rude comments and actions from society all the time when I shouldn’t have to and it makes me feel like I’m not important like I am dirt. Some people might argue that society has changed so much that disability awareness is no longer a big issue. I understand that society has become more†¦show more content†¦The stigma around certain things can have a big role in the way people are stereotyped. Which leads me to the topic of stigmas. According to Peter Byrne in the article â€Å"Stigma’s in Mental Health and Ways of Diminishing it† it says stigma is defined as â€Å"a sign of dishonor or blemish, which sets someone apart from others.† Many people have a negative stigma towards disabled people. This stigma affects the way of life for many disabled people. Disabled people often use devices like wheelchairs and walkers to get around. In many of my previous experiences I have learned that this causes many people to have a negative stigma towards disabled people. To me this doesn t make sense because people use cars to get around and people don t have a negative stigma towards them for using that. Having a negative stigma makes it hard for disabled people to function in society without dealing with things such as discrimination. Which leads me to the next topic I would like to discuss discrimination. Discrimination is sadly a very common thing for disabled people to experience. In the view of Chris Barber in the article â€Å"Disability Discrimination in The 21St Century: A Short Introduction† it defines discrimination as â€Å"The act of opposing human rights, benefits, justice.†. In my opinion, discrimination is something that nobody should have to deal with. Discrimination is extremely common in society. OvertimeShow MoreRelatedThe, Disability And The Urban Environment : A Perspective On Los Angeles1668 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome increasingly perfect. To develop this ideal civilization, a broader, more introspective sense of reality needs to grasped to help build more adaptable cities. 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It is exactly this narrative technique which allows Woolf to compare the lives of these two characters which belong to different social classes to argue that social placement has a negative effect on one’s life and psychological being. In many of her novels andRead MorePersonal Definition Of Nursing By Applying The Author s Personal Experiences And Beliefs2130 Words   |  9 Pagesof nursing should be in the United States of America. Personal Experience There are so many things that I can discuss in this section to explain why I wanted to become a nurse. It can easily be discussed that I wanted to become a nurse to help people but that barely touches the surface. I can review my previous degree in Addiction Studies and counseling and how I wanted to make a difference in people’s lives but there is one conversation that sticks out to me. 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THE MEDICAL MARIJUANA REBELLION Essay Example For Students

THE MEDICAL MARIJUANA REBELLION Essay Richard Nixon launched the controversial war on drugs just over a generation ago. Now, 1997, the state of California has taken a new step in the wrong direction in the war on drugs. Yes Proposition 215 won a 56% victory in the November 6, elections. Dennis Peron is a two time federal convicted felon. If he is convicted one more time, Dennis will be mandatoryly sentenced to death under Californias three strikes and your out law. Dennis is the head of the Cannabis Buyers Club in San Fran. He has been arrested many times for following his heart to help those in pain due to various medical treatments for deadly diseases. California Attorney General Dan Lungren is the head ringleader of San Frans undercover operation to bring down the clubs. Lungren has had a grudge against Peron ever since there fighting together in Vietnam. Lungren is the chief of the opposition of Prop. 215. He has contrived many destructive parties and warrants to try and bring down Peron and the clubs. Despite all of Lungrens efforts, he has lost a major battle. His dirty and partially illegal fight against the medical use of Cannabis has yet to gain him a point scoring victory. Dennis Peron and the Cannabis Buyers Club plans to expand their knowledge with surrounding states and eventually make it nationally legal for medical patients to use Marijuana for their treatments. Who are we to play God? A doctor is obligated to perform any act possible in order to save a patient. If the act necessary includes the use of Canabis, Marijuana , then by all means we should provide them with it. We are playing with the lives of people who are in a lot of pain and are going to die soon. We should make the last days of their lives as painless as possible. The war on drugs is a impediment for those in favor of the medical use of marijuana. It comes down to the whether or not we want to be passionate and help those overcome the pain associated with dreadful diseases. Unfortunately our society today turns everything into a battle. Why cant we work together hand in hand, and make the last few days of these fellow Americans, whom suffered so greatly, painless ones. We are not talking about drug dealers. These people have given everything asked of them to their country. In return, I feel that we should allow them to take what ever necessary actions needed for there own comfort. If this means the use of marijuana for 77 year olds, then so be it. also . . . Who are we to play God? A doctor is obligated to perform any act possible in order to save a patient. If the act necessary includes the use of Marijuana then by all means we should provide them with it. We are playing with the lives of these people who are in a lot of pain and are going to die soon. We should make the last days of their lives as painless as possible. Marijuana has been proven to help those patients who suffer from chronic disorders such as multiple sclerosis, AIDS and epilepsy. Marijuana, Cannabis, contains a substance called THC. This is the key ingredient in this wondrous drug. Chemotherapy, which is often given to cancer patients, causes severe nausea and extreme vomiting. The THC in Marijuana reduces the vomiting and nausea while alleviating pretreatment anxiety. Cannabis also helps boost appetites for aids patients. George Santos says, Smokable marijuana allows a better dose control and stimulates my appetite more effectively than Marinol (synthetic THC) Morganthau 23 . .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 , .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 .postImageUrl , .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 , .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845:hover , .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845:visited , .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845:active { border:0!important; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845:active , .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845 .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u564bcda1798e85421030e6b9ddfc7845:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Importance of Being Earnest Essay This miracle drug is savor for those who suffer from pain and muscle spasms associated with epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. Marijuana reduces muscle spasms and may ease the incontinence of bladder and bowel and relieve depression. The drugs normally used to treat these patients have many sideffects including liver damage, seizures and spasticity. One other adversity is the cost of the conventional treatments. We are dealing with elderly people who do not have hundreds of dollars to waste on partially effective drugs. Susan Nelson has spent a large part of her life watching her husband, Don, fight to expel the chemicals used to treat his testicular cancer. After eighteen months of therapy, his esophagus ripped and caused severe tissue damage. This effect was one of his bodys many reactions to the Chemotherapy treatment. It was just a decade later, 1988, when Susan developed lymphoma. She too underwent the chemotherapy. Instead .

Nadine Gordimer’s July’s People Essay Sample free essay sample

Nadine Gordimer’s â€Å"July’s People† is a fictional novel which reveals many rough worlds of South Africa. Gordimer’s fresh takes topographic point during a transitional period of the Apartheid called â€Å"interregnum† . The epigraph chosen by Gordimer reveals the construction of the novel: â€Å"The epigraph of the novel. culled from Antonio Gramsci. sets the three-party timeframe of the narrative† ( 69. Erritouni ) . The three-party consists of the interconnecting: yesteryear. nowadays and hereafter. The past and the hereafter are defined by the present explains Jeffrey J. Folks: â€Å"Focused on the interregnum and non the hereafter per Se. July’s People employs a futuristic narrative manner with which to analyze the present† ( 115. Folkss ) . The Smales household is caught in the interregnum which allows Gordimer to expose â€Å"morbid symptoms† . The interregnum in inquiry is the 1 in between the Apartheid and the Post-Apartheid. The symptoms of the interregnum and the effects in the novel’s events. We will write a custom essay sample on Nadine Gordimer’s: July’s People Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gordimer creates a alone environment of multiculturalism thanks to the present revolution in South Africa. The Smales move from their large place and swimming pool to a hut: â€Å"The seats from the vehicle belonged no longer to it ; they had become the furniture off the hut† ( 14. Gordimer ) . The commixture of two societies occurs when they Smales conveying modern objects in a crude universe. â€Å"The Title of the novel is a drama on â€Å"possession† in several senses. possibly most significantly in showing Gordimer’s hope for a multicultural society† ( 116. Folkss ) . July’s fellow indigens warn him that this multicultural event is unsafe: â€Å"White people. They are really powerful. my son† ( 21 Gordimer ) . Merely a national crisis or revolution could convey such a contrast in a cultural clang. The demand for nutriment to last comfortably pushes Bamford to utilize a gun: â€Å"the kids who made free of every hut as the cockroaches. à ¢â‚¬ ¦ and chattered all† ( 75. Gordimer ) . The small town enjoys this rare and amusing event which leads to a multicultural chef-doeuvre. â€Å"The incense of roasting flesh-rose from every cooking-fire† ( 78. Gordimer ) . The white adult male brought this improbable banquet for the folk and the Smales household are joying in this purportedly unhappy topographic point. â€Å"The kids made the grown-ups laugh. † The Smales household seems for a short period of clip comfy in this new civilization: â€Å"They made love. wrestling together with deep resonance coming to each through the other’s organic structure. in the presence of the children† ( 80. Gordimer ) . The multicultural connexions during the Hunt. the banquet and the festival in this chapter are all linked with the interregnum. Gordimer about creates and stray Utopia in the wilderness: The Smales kids allow the reader to hold an guiltless point of position of the civilization clang. Gordimer displays her dream of a peaceable multicultural South Africa with Gina’s relationship with Nyiko: â€Å"The strength of Gina’s friendly relationship with Nyiko bodes good for the hereafter of the races in South Africa† ( 78. Erritouni ) . Victor’s character creates a feeling of separation between the two civilizations: â€Å"Everybody’s taking H2O! † ( 62. Gordimer ) . Victor thinks his male parent owns the water-tank system he built for the folk due to his immatureness. Some events show peaceable multicultural events and some show philistinism. The Smales household go to run into the head of all the small towns: â€Å"I come to see that gun. You teach me. † ( 121. Gordimer ) . The arm normally brings out evil in political meetings ; ironically the simpleness of the African indigen head shows peace. One would believe that a family retainer would have trust from his employer after 15 old ages of loyal servitude. July’s character embodies courage: â€Å"July knew the whole six 100 kilometres. had walked it† ( 12. Gordimer ) . July is put on the lining his life to protect the Smales household. Maureen Smales throws a fit when their vehicle goes losing. Maureen blames her hubby for giving him the keys. She assumes their Jesus had decided to abandon them at his ain hometown. â€Å"Why don’t you admit we were huffy to run? † ( 46. Gordimer ) . The â€Å"morbid symptom† of the interregnum involved in Maureen’s premise is caused by philistinism. â€Å"Their reaction to his self-asserting usage of the auto betrays the restrictions of their liberalism† ( 71. Erritouni ) . Gordimer wants to expose that the Smales are immoral capitalists and hence indirectly back up the Apartheid. Maureen shows greed and desires more stamp meat when her hubby brings back the hunted warthogs: â€Å"She murmured for his ear entirely. the little one will be more stamp. † ( 78. Gordimer ) . For Maureen to believe about the quality of meat shows how appreciative she is to be alive. Maureen admits that she was incorrect to impeach July of stealing the Bakkie when she acknowledges his well-doing of traveling to the general shop: â€Å"He did convey things† ( 56. Gordimer ) . Later in the novel when the Smales visit the head of all small towns. Bam is at the wheel of the Bakkie. â€Å"July. unbidden. does non busy the driver’s seat†¦ the Smales continue to take a firm stand that July has stolen the auto from them. July’s self-asserting claim on it is in line with the statement Gordimer makes in â€Å"Living in the Interregnum† â€Å" ( 71. Erritouni ) . The interregnum forces the household to allow travel of all their ownerships in Johannesburg. This causes them to fear the possibility of holding nil: â€Å"Struggling unsuccessfully to keep the rights of ownership. the Smales twosome manifest the ‘morbid symptoms’ of a deceasing consumerist culture† ( 71. Ellitouni ) . The interregnum fundamentally causes catastrophe in the Smales household. One witnesses strong developments in characters and rough alterations in relationships. Maureen and Bam become ill and tired of the life style the interregnum forced them to follow. â€Å"July’s People so shows how Maureen and Bam. hubby and married woman. have changed† ( 562. Green ) . Green proves his statement: â€Å"Her. Not â€Å"Maureen† . Not â€Å"his wife† . † ( 105. Gordimer ) . The importance of the present tense is fortified due to the stoping of the novel. The Smales household remain in the same state of affairs at the terminal of the novel. There are many readings to the stoping but one can decidedly acknowledge Maureen is running towards a chopper â€Å"She runs† ( 160. Gordimer ) . The fact of the affair refering the ageless instability of the novel is that it shapes the characters: â€Å"the cardinal point about July’s People is exactly that these stablenesss have been fractured by the revolution† ( 562. Green ) . The present tense is really of import is the novel due to the ill-defined hereafter of Maureen and her household members. â€Å"Gordimer is non earnestly engaged with the hereafter per Se: of all South Africa’s authors. Gordimer is most sharply present-tensed. and her involvement in the hereafter is a position from which to talk posteriorly of the present. † ( 83 Erritouni ) . As a member of the ANC and battle for societal right for native Africans. Nadine Gordimer embodies a novelist who uses the interregnum to unleash her imaginativeness and sentiments. hypertext transfer protocol: //web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=5 A ; hid=14 A ; sid=ca6bfcd0-79b4-4d87-9a03-e7ea1017fcc1 % 40sessionmgr11

Explain why the bank of Englan essays

Explain why the bank of Englan essays The policy of overfunding corresponded with the view of pragmatic monetarism of the early eighties. However its utilisation was a direct result of what went before it. The corset and credit controls were the main tools that the authorities used to control the money supply in the years preceding overfunding. Therefore it is useful to consider these policies as a precursor to examining overfunding. The corset was different from previous schemes of monetary control in that it didnt differentiate between bank lending to the public or private sector. In this way the government felt that it would be able to permit competition between banks and avoid freezing the distribution of deposits between them (Dow and Saville, 1988,pp154). The corset was designed to work hand in hand with other schemes the were already in place and imposed a limit on the banking system as a whole rather than on individual establishments thanks to the transfer provisions in the scheme. The corset was generally a success. In our brief description we saw that the corset was in tended to control the bank systems lending as a whole over the six years of its existence it appeared to have done this. The system was not ever-present after its introduction in 1973. In fact originally it was only in place for little over a year. It was then reinforced in 1976 , for a much shorter time, before its final stint between 1978 and 1980. Over this time the growth if the banks sterling deposits were kept , in the majority, within the targeted zones. However there is some debate as to whether the banks would have chosen this rate of growth regardless of the presence of the penalties. This is illustrated by the fact that when the corset was first imposed the demand for bank loans went from a lofty position and fell away quickly. This shows that the new legislations were not having a particularly drastic effect. However the fact these criticisms can be refuted by ...

Bronchitis in Children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bronchitis in Children - Research Paper Example Bronchitis is a medical condition in which the bronchi of the lungs have some inflammation and some irritation. It may be a dangerous condition or not, depending on how it is handled from the start, usually beginning with diagnosis and ending with prescription/treatment. Blockage of the lung airways/air passages may lead to serious breathing difficulties which may be fatal if not dealt with accordingly and timely (Ivker, 2000). Children suffer from bronchitis which in some cases may be diagnosed wrongly as asthma or pneumonia/chest cold due to the similarity in symptoms. For children, there have been quite some challenges because they contract it in some ways that adults don’t. Children may contract bronchitis when they get a contagious bacteria or virus. For this reason and more, the bronchitis in children may be mistaken for some other diseases if proper diagnosis is not carried out, and that leads to wrong prescriptions which may cause death. Just like in the case of adults , children also suffer from the two classes of bronchitis, acute and chronic. It is first of all very important to be aware of the specific indicative signs and symptoms of a possible bronchitis problem in a child. This is necessary because it eliminates cases in which parents and even family doctors use the general signs to conclude that a child is suffering has an ailment other than bronchitis. This ensures that a child suffering from bronchitis is properly diagnosed in time. It is important to note that most preschool children under the age of five are more prone to acute bronchitis than the chronic type. A proper treatment plan helps to prevent cases where acute bronchitis develops into the more dangerous pneumonia. In developing a treatment plan, a physician/clinician needs to check the specific indicative signs, and also study the child’s medical/health history (Tackett & Atkins, 2012). The physician/clinician will need a stethoscope

Hometown Deli Competitive Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hometown Deli Competitive Analysis - Case Study Example However, with the threat of looming competition, it is important to analyze the market and determine the possible change in profitability. It is also important to identify a strategy that will be used to improve the business and make it viable in this time. The first aspect of Porter’s five force analysis is the supplier power, which is the importance of the supplier when serving more than one competitor (Porter, 2008). From the analysis of Hometown Deli, it can be determined that the previous owner built a network of suppliers. This means that the supplier is a powerful force in the industry. From the products of the deli, it is evident that there are many possible avenues for getting new suppliers, so the threat of supplier power is low. The best strategy to deal with the existing suppliers is to consolidate their services to guard from competition. This can be done by using one supplier and ensuring that long-term contracts are used with the supplier. The second aspect of P orter’s model is buyer power, and is probably the most important part of the analysis (Porter, 2008). From the history of the deli, it is evident that the previous owner built a network of customers, and the new owner has to find a strategy of retaining these customers. The information indicates that the deli has been a local hotspot for many years, and the best strategy to deal with the power of the buyer is to ensure that these customers do not move with the potential competition. This is done by ensuring that the customers retain their image of the company. In this case, Hometown Deli should provide promotional content aimed at retaining old customers, like using loyalty programs for old customers and introducing prices for returning customers. The other factor is the threat of new entrants, which is determined by the existing competition in the region, cost advantages, barriers to entry and access to distribution (Porter, 2008). In the case of Hometown Deli, there is a bi g threat from competition, mainly because there are low barrier to entry and the potential competition has bigger profits, which means that they have more access to promotional content. This means that the deli is faced with the biggest threat from competition, ad to deal with it, management should come up with a way of increasing their competitive presence. The best strategy for this is to find extra sources of finance and improve the technological presence in the region. If the deli improves the service offered to its customers, it would make it easier to retain customers to the deli. The deli should be brought up to date in terms of competitive presence in the region. The fourth factor is the threat of substitutes, which is the competition faced by a business from the possibility of clients using substitute products (Porter, 2008). In the case of Hometown Deli, the main substitute product is fast food restaurant products, which is not so much of a problem. This force can be addre ssed by consolidating the clients’ preference for the deli product. The last factor is the degree of rivalry, which refers to the competition that would be posed by a rival company. Increased competition can drive profits very low since the market is very concentrated. With the threat of only one rival, it is important to establish a strong identity; otherwise the market could become a monopoly, especially since the potential com