Analysis Of Dennis Price Hopped On The Bus - 1553 Words

Dennis Price hopped on the bus in his usual persona as a normal high school student, while not looking forward to consent torment from his peers. He never thought highly of himself, but thought he was an average person deserves respect. â€Å"Why must I go through this†, he said to himself as he finds a seat, while they looked at him in a dishearten fashion. He finds his seat as the bus begins to take off to the school and he heard a familiar voice whispering in his ear; â€Å"why don’t you do all of us a favor and just kill yourself†. Dennis ignored the student’s whisper and sits in his seat alone and wondered when he will stop hearing the noise. He was a positive person, but knew something had to be done in order to build himself up and do something unimaginable. The bus pulls up to the school and Dennis is always the last guy to exit the bus. While he leaves, he is stopped by the bus driver and he tells him to â€Å"keep your head up and be stronger th an what you are†. Dennis hopped off the bus thinking about what the bus driver told him and indented to keep a positive attitude despite the noises. He intended to keep his positive outlook as he walks inside the school and heads towards his locker. He was only 3 months into his freshman year and only talks to a few people whom he only meets during lunch. Dennis was tired of being a weak version of himself and wanted to do something that will not only wow his peers, but also himself. After he gets his books from his locker, he notices a

American Literature MGRP Part 1 Author Research Paper on...

Saul Bellow is one of the greatest influential authors in American literature. His emotions and point of view during and after WWII impacted American society during the late 1900’s. Bellow created an mental and physical images, illustrating the social and political injustices of the Holocaust as well as illustrating the American life after WWII through the eyes a Russian-American man. Saul Bellow uses his writing to describe his life and help people find their purpose and meanings in the world. Although he lived through parts of the Great Depression; WWII impacted his writing career the most. Solomon Bellows was born to Russian immigrant parents in Lachine, Quebec, Canada on June 10, 1915 and died on April 5th, 2005 in Brookline, Massachusetts (1), just two years after his parents had emigrated from St. Petersburg, Russia (6). He was the youngest of four children to his father, Abraham, and his mother, Liza (3). Bellow had two sisters and one brother (6). He was raised in Montreal (3) and moved to Chicago in 1924 (2). First he lived the slums on St. Dominique Street. His father, Abraham, blamed himself for the family’s poverty (6). Although he didn’t want Saul to see any of it, Saul still saw violence and sexual activities in the neighborhood (6). In Lachine, a medieval ghetto, Bellow learn to speak Hebrew, Yiddish, French, and English (6). Bellow spent one year in the Royal Hospital, in the Tuberculosis section although he claims he didn’t had Tuberculosis, and had nothing

Radiance Reconstructive Surgery Free Essays

Reconstructive surgery, a trend that has been developed over the years has reached a new level; radiance reconstructive surgery. This new trend in reconstructive surgery is literally what the name suggests, radioactive. Radioactive waves are used to perform and complete the reconstruction process. We will write a custom essay sample on Radiance Reconstructive Surgery or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are various methods which can be used to achieve the objective of popularizing the method; campaigns to educate and inform the public as well as helping them understand the process and a question and answer session to give any further information needed. As well as procuring new clients, it will also help the company reassure and build confidence in the current clients. Lifestyle, sponsorship and even marketing are what Radiance should focus on; these are extremely important aspects to any company. These areas help to ensure a firm not only care about the community but garnering profit as well. The venues would include such places as training facilities and gyms. However, they should place their marketing wisely as to not encourage children to believe their bodies are anything less than what they should be given the amount of influence that any type of media has on the perception of young people. Melissa should employ a number of damage control techniques to help change the perception of the company by its stakeholders. The steps to take would be; make absolutely certain the public relations are dealt with, build a campaign that show empathy but tell the story as the company sees it, take steps that will improve the image of the company. While waiting for time to pass would seem like the reasonable solution, â€Å"waiting for time to pass would be a bad idea (Kang Sakai, 2000); the damage is done and the company has let it slide which gives the public the idea that the company is culpable. Radiance would see either positive or negative changes in as little as a few months by taking these steps. How to cite Radiance Reconstructive Surgery, Papers

Assessment Of Information And Network Security Of Info Safe Pvt Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Assessment Of Information And Network Security Of Info Safe Pvt Ltd. Answer: Introduction This report is a compilation of the assessment of information and network security applications as the Research and Technology assistant to the Information and Communication Technology Manager at Info Safe Pvt. Ltd. This report comprises of a brief overview of information and network security, and the latest developments in this field of technology. An evaluation of various applications that are used for network security in various industries located all over the world is done for this. This report also comprises of an analysis of three such security applications that are currently available in the market and their applications within and outside the Australian Information Technology industry.Info Safe Pvt. Ltd. is a four years old organisation that specializes in the information and network security domain (Siemens, 2014). They work for the development and customization of the applications that provide the services and serve their clients that are located in various cities in the Au stralian mainland. The primary clients for this organisation are small and medium sized enterprises (SME) and they operate by undertaking projects that help in the development of in house software or in the customization of software that are purchased off the shelf with their vendors. Post their four years of successful operations in this field Info Safe is now planning to expand and diversify into serving the organisations that operate in both online and offline mode. For doing this, the organisation needs to provide online security to these organisations by ensuring the security of their web portals and database available online. As suggested by the Business Development Manager of Info Safe, the potential clients for this diversification of includes some hospitality and pharmaceutical industries along with online gambling organisations. However, the provisioning of information and network security services to some of these organisations may involve ethical dilemmas as these organi sations may engagein some activities that are not socially acceptable by all. Info Safe should now decide between operating purely for financial gains or think about sustainable growth, taking into consideration the society and the environmental perspective. This report is an investigation into this ethical dilemma for Info Safe and an overview of the various services that are provided by them (Douligeris Serpanos, 2007). An overview of information and network security This section of the report conveys to the reader the basics of information and network security, and their fundamentals. This will help the readers in gaining an understanding of the subject of information and network security, and also provide the necessary information regarding the applications and software that are used by Info Safe Private Limited for providing these services to their clients. This section also analyses and evaluates the effectiveness of each of these applications to understand their pros and cons for both the provider as well as the receiver of the services (ETSI, 2014). Defining information and network security The prevention, detection, documentation and handling of the threats that are posedto the digital and non digital information of an organisation is known as information security. Information security involves the formation of strategies for the above purposes, and the protection of organisational information whether it is stored, or in transit. The primary objectives of network security are defined with the CIA triad, with the acronym standing for confidentiality, integrity and availability (Bauer, 2008). The system designed for an organisation for the protection of their network infrastructure is known as network security. Network security prevents the unauthorized access, modification and misuse of a secure network. The provision of network security services for an organisation comprises of forming a multiple layer defence for the protection of the organisational network. Each layer extends a control over the access to the network and blocks the malicious actors from exploiting and threatening the security to this network. The advent of Information Technology and digitization has transformed our entire way of life. All our professional and personal aspects of life have been affected by digitization and the world has become increasingly connected in all forms. However, with the added connectivity, the threat to the information and the network enabling these connections has also increased exponentially. Therefore, there is an increasing need of application of network security in order to protect and prevent the misuse of these networks and the information (Eloff Nel, 2017). Assessment of various applications for network security The organisational network and information systems are carrying all the data related to their operations to an extent that was inconceivable a few years back. Although this has enabled the business processes and made it easier for them to access the data at any point, from anywhere, this has also increased the threat to their network and information systems to a great extent. Therefore, network security has become a top priority for the organisations and has become an important factor in their development and long term sustainability. Firewalls are the most basic form of network security software. However, there are a number of Unified Threat Management (UTM) software that have been developed, that provide complete security from virus, spyware, intrusions and spam to the organisations. The most popular software that offer unified threat management services are mentioned below: Sonicwall by Dell Norton Security by Symantec Kaspersky Endpoint Security by Kaspersky Lab Sonicwall is an offering by Dell Labs which provides complete cloud and web security services and online support for network security, while helping in sustaining the performance of the organisation and simplifying the management processes of the same. It is a robust network security system having centralized control, and it provides protection to the organisation against all emerging threats to their information and network. It is also one of the most advanced solutions for network security that works towards providing control against data leakage, restricted file sharing and access control to the applications of the organisation. It also helps in the management of the bandwidth and its control as per the organizational requirements. Norton security is an offering of Symantec which provides centralized management of the organisational policies with customizable protection on an enterprise wide basis. It thoroughly scans the organisational system and network and efficiently works tow ards the monitoring and improvement of the organizational performance through it. The Kaspersky Endpoint Security helps in extending security to the organizations form malicious programs including viruses, hacker attacks, spam, worms and various other intrusion attacks. It protects the organizational security and network against vulnerabilities and constantly keeps the systems updated against the latest security threats. Pros and cons of these applications Sonicwall is a fairly easy to use and pervasive network security software which helps in providing a complete network security solution to the organizations. It detects malware and recognizes any probable threats to the security of the organizational network and information. Norton security is an offering of Symantec which provides centralized management of the organisational policies with customizable protection on an enterprise wide basis. The Kaspersky Endpoint Security helps in extending security to the organizations form malicious programs including viruses, hacker attacks, spam, worms and various other intrusion attacks (Cyberspace, 2014). It protects the organizational security and network against vulnerabilities and constantly keeps the systems updated against the latest security threats. The advantages of setting up network security applications, either in house, or customized from off the shelf software are numerous. They help in the protection of the organisational data an d help in keeping a check on any unauthorized access to this. Any organisation network contains confidential information related to their clients and the organisational processes. Any person who is not authorized to access this data, can take advantage of this, by getting their hands on the sensitive information related to the organisation (Services, 2016). Network security tools also prevent the organisations from cyber attacks and hackers by providing the complete security solution to the information and the network of the organisation. However, there are also a few disadvantages of setting up these softwares for network security of the organizations. Some of these are discussed here. The setting up of these software can prove to be expensive for the organisation and their purchase and customization can become increasingly expensive for organisations having small organizational networks. The installation of this software is time consuming and most of these provide multiple authent ication levels for logging in into the system which can get tedious for the employees. This software most of the time require passwords to be unique, constituting of a combination of special characters, alphabets, and numeric characters. Keeping a track of all these passwords can also be difficult for the employees. Additional application of these tools in the organisational network will require additional hiring of technicians who need to continuously provide support for these software. A network administrator needs to be present in the organisation all the time in order to ensure that the working of the organisational network and the network security tools is smooth. The training of these administrators and IT technicians can also prove to be expensive for the organisation (Idris Kassim, 2010). While the installation of the software is automated, people overseeing this can cause creeping in of human error in the security system which can provide loopholes in the network security system. Any Insider or person having knowledge of the IT systems can take advantage of these. The future prospects Info Safe provides network security solutions by developing applications for information and network security by themselves and also by customizing the off the shelf software that are present in the market. Presently serving a number of clients located in all the major cities of Australia as small and medium enterprises, Info Safe is working towards the expansion of their business by additionally planning on providing services to the organisations that also have an online presence. Online security is much more complex and multi dimensional than the offline information security, as there is greater risk involved with the online applications and threats. The Business Development Manager has suggested the expansion of business by serving organisations from the hospitality industryand online gambling organisations, and fulfilling their network security needs. As a part of the information communication and technology team, the organisation is suggested to go ahead with this expansion and venture into this new line of business while ensuring that this does not involve any unethical practice. The following section presents the plan of expansion of the services of Info Safe Ltd. for the next five years (Systems, 2000). 5-year expansion plan of Info Safe As the organisation Info Safe plans to expand their client base, and their operations, it is important that they do not just focus on the financial gains and instead work towards sustainability and think about the social and environmental impact on the industry as well. Any negligence on the end of the administrator can negatively affect the entire network performance of the organisation, which can cause interruption in the organisational performance. There have been multiple instances of employees trying to sabotage the image of an organisation or attempting to sell the organizational data or information of an organisation once they have left the organisation, or are expelled. The administrators need to therefore take immediate action in case of termination of the employees by restricting their access to all the organisational data and network. Ethical, social and legal considerations of the expansion plan The organisations working towards IT security of their clients can gain access to the confidential data that belongs to the organisation and also some privileged information about both, the organisation as well as the individuals working for them. This power can sometimes be abused by the security personnel either deliberately or inadvertently. There is no standardized training available to be provided to the security personnel in order to keep them away from indulging in these activities. However, these organisations and the professionals working in with them are increasingly being provided the knowledge to address these ethical dilemmas and the complex side of their job. The training as well as education of the professionals working in the IT industry only focuses on the knowledge and understanding of the technical skills. There is little consideration given to the possibility to misuse this knowledge and most of these professionals do not even realize how their jobs can involve po ssible ethical issues (Cisco, 2008). Most of the ethical issues that these IT professionals face are due to the involvement of privacy of the organisation, their clients, and their employee information. There are certain legal issues associated with their profession as well, which are different from the ethical issues. While an organisation providing network security to their client may have the legal right to monitor all the processes and functions, it might not be ethically right to do so without the client consent. Conclusion This report comprises of a brief overview of information and network security, and the latest developments in this field of technology. An evaluation of various applications that are used for network security in various industries located all over the world is done for this. This report also comprises of an analysis of three such security applications that are currently available in the market and their applications within and outside the Australian Information Technology industry.Info Safe Pvt. Ltd. is a four years old organisation that specializes in the information and network security domain. They work for the development and customization of the applications that provide the services and serve their clients that are located in various cities in the Australian mainland. The ethical dilemma that the organization is facing has been addressed and the suggestions and recommendations for the same have been provided for Info Safe Pvt. Ltd. Recommendations The advent of Information Technology and digitization has transformed our entire way of life. All our professional and personal aspects of life have been affected by digitization and the world has become increasingly connected in all forms. However, with the added connectivity, the threat to the information and the network enabling these connections has also increased exponentially. As a provider of network and information security, it is necessary that the organisation maintains confidentiality of all the data of their clients by centrally storing it and retrieving it effortlessly. By serving organisations such as online gambling organizations Info Safe should maintain professionalism and serve them only providing them the data security services without indulging in any other plan of business. In order to expand their business, Info Safe must enlarge their client base and start serving them by offering more in house services like firewall, accounting software assistance and enterpri se resource planning. The administrator of a network has the responsibility to manage the network and control it. Therefore, he also has the power to restrict the employees from gaining access to certain data and allow or deny the employees of the client organisation the permission on the basis of their place in the organisational hierarchy and specialisation. References Bauer, M. (2008). ITU Study on the Financial Aspects of Network Security: Malware and Spam. ITU. Retrieved from https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/cyb/cybersecurity/docs/itu-study-financial-aspects-of-malware-and-spam.pdf Cisco. (2008). Network Security Baseline. Retrieved from https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/solutions/Enterprise/Security/Baseline_Security/securebasebook.pdf Cyberspace, C. i. (2014). Best Practices for Keeping Your Home Network Secure. Retrieved from https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/Cyber/Slicksheet_BestPracticesForKeepingYourHomeNetworkSecure_Web_update.pdf Douligeris, C., Serpanos, D. (2007). Network Security: Current Status and Future Directions. John Wiley Sons. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dHys9OXMFMICpg=PA311lpg=PA311dq=netwrok+securtiy+pdfsource=blots=H-MTENJsrHsig=8XnoiZL3T3T1MIWJ8y8MsiS1q6Yhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwiu2Nq71NzWAhWMNY8KHXw8BQMQ6AEIRTAG#v=onepageq=netwrok%20securtiy%20pdff=false Eloff, J., Nel, A. (2017). A Methodology for Network Security. Retrieved from ieeexplore.ieee.org: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/639804/?reload=true ETSI. (2014). Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); NFV Security; Security and Trust Guidance. Retrieved from https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/NFV-SEC/001_099/003/01.01.01_60/gs_NFV-SEC003v010101p.pdf Idris, N., Kassim, M. (2010). Wireless Local Area Network (LAN) Security Guideline. Retrieved from https://www.cybersecurity.my/data/content_files/11/649.pdf Services, A. (2016). Overview of AWS Security - Network Security. Retrieved from https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/Security/Networking_Security_Whitepaper.pdf Siemens. (2014). Network security: industrial security. Retrieved from https://www.siemens.com/digitalization/public/pdf/brochure_network-security_en.pdf Systems, C. (2000). Network Security: ISOC NTW 2000. Retrieved from https://www.potaroo.net/t4/pdf/security.pdf

American Idiot by Green Day free essay sample

Growing up in Malaysia is not necessarily easy. With local books, adults and the government trying to convince children how perfect, how great, how amazing our country is when you know otherwise; it never is. You get this sense of disillusionment when people are trying to convince you how perfect it is. But it never is perfect, is it? As to my knowledge, nothing on Earth is perfect. Listening to American Idiot by Green Day, I was able to relate. Especially since I became a teenager earlier this year. I started to think†¦ differently. The album helped me go through it all. American Idiot follows through the struggles and challenges of a young man in his late teens to his early twenties (his age wasn’t specified), who calls himself the Jesus of Suburbia (Jesus or JoS for short). The album starts with the song, American Idiot. It is basically the Jesus of Suburbia voicing his views on America. We will write a custom essay sample on American Idiot by Green Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How it is ‘controlled by the media’ and such. Next comes the song, Jesus of Suburbia. The song is split into five parts. Part 1 is an introduction to the Jesus of Suburbia. He describes himself as the ‘son of rage and love’ on a ‘steady diet of soda pop and ritalin.’ Part 2, City of the Damned, is an introduction to his home in the suburban wastelands where the 7-11 is the ‘center of the Earth.’ The lyrics, â€Å"Lost children with dirty faces today/ Noone really seems to care,† states that everyone in his suburban home only think of themselves. I Don’t Care, which is the third part of the song, is Jesus voicing his opinions about the world, hence, â€Å"Everyone’s so full of sh**/ Born and raised by hypocrites.† The lyrics, â€Å"I don’t care if you don’t,† is him stating that since nobody cares about him, why should he care for anybody else? That’s a good point and this is one of the lyrics that I find†¦ relatable. The part is followed by Dearly Beloved. Dearly Beloved is Jesus speaking to the society, telling them to wake up: â€Å"Dearly Beloved, are you listening?† He then questions himself, wondering, â€Å"Are we demented or am I disturbed?† and, â€Å"Am I retarded or am I just overjoyed?† Sarcasm is also used in the song: â€Å"Oh therapy, can you please fill the void?† to cover up his cry for help. Next, is my favorite part and also the last part, Tales From Another Broken Home. â€Å"To live and not to breathe is to die in tragedy,† has two meanings. It means that JoS is not living; he’s merely existing and/or that living and not breathing, which is not caring to do something about our crappy lives (if it is), is a mockery to our existence. He plans to go to the city and see what’s is there for him. The next song is Holiday. It shows his excitement in the city. He also went to a party and he was overwhelmed. Excited. The song is immediately followed by Boulevard of Broken Dreams, one of my favorite songs. While Holiday is a party, Boulevard of Broken Dreams is the hangover that follows. He wishes that ‘someone out there will find him.’ Are We the Waiting is the fifth song of the album. I find this song most relatable as I can feel this sense of disillusionment. He is waiting for the unknown. He shows his disappointment to the city. It wasn’t as he expected. This song is immediately followed by St. Jimmy. It is an introduction to a new character called, St. Jimmy. He is a drug dealer who JoS meets in the city. Give Me Novacaine is the song that follows. It is one of my favorites and one of the most relatable. The song states that Jesus wants to be numb, â€Å"Drain the pressure from the swelling/ This sensation’s overwhelming/ Give me a long kiss goodnight and everything will be alright/ Tell me that I won’t feel a thing/ So give me novacaine.† Novacaine is a substance the dentist use to numb the gums. The fourth line of the last chorus, â€Å"Tell me Jimmy I won’t feel a thing,† is Jesus surrendering to St. Jimmy. St. Jimmy begins to control him. In She’s a Rebel, he meets a girl called Whatsername. Nobody knows her name therefore calling her whatsername, â€Å"She’s the one that they call ole’ whatsername.† He falls in love with her, â€Å"And she’s holding on my heart like a hand grenade.† But alas, their relationship is a difficult one as shown in Extraordinary Girl. With his drug addiction and such, it is bound to be. Whatsername is sad and it is shown that she is a true rebel unlike Jesus. The next song is Letterbomb, in which whatsername leaves JoS with a letter. She breaks up with him through the letter. She was upset due to his addiction to drugs and he shows no signs of stopping. She says, â€Å"You’re not the Jesus of Suburbia,† and reveals, â€Å"The St. Jimmy is a figment of your father’s rage and your mother’s love.† She meant that he wasn’t the same person she met and that St. Jimmy is just a manifestation of his identity. Wake Me Up When September Ends is the next song. It is a tribute to Billie Joe Armstrong’s, the lead singer of Green Day, father, who died of cancer in September. It is also about an adult reminiscing being a young adult. In the album, it shows that a heartbroken Jesus is hoping for better days. His father was presumedly dead as stated, â€Å"Like my father’s come to pass/ Seven years has gone so fast.† The second last song, Homecoming is also broken down into five parts. Part one is the Death of St. Jimmy. It shows that St. Jimmy could no longer reach out to JoS. It shows his metaphorical suicide. Part 2, East 12th Street, states that Jesus got a desk job at a ‘facility on East 12th Street.’ Jesus though, wants to be free and get out of the city. He rather have ‘cigarettes and coffee with the underbelly.’ In part 3, Nobody Likes You, he bemoans his outcast state. In Rock ’N Roll Girlfriend, he gets a postcard from his friend, Tunny, who assumed that Jesus is still St. Jimmy. He shows off his rock ’n roll life. The last part, We’re Coming Home Again, is about Jesus coming back ‘to the Barrio,’ his home. In the final song, Whatsername, he remembers the times. He says, â€Å"I remember the face but I can’t recall the name/ Now I wonder how whatsername has been.† He wonders what happened to whatsername. He states that she has been in his head for so long. He says the ‘regrets are useless’ and he will never turn back time. â€Å"Forgetting you but not the time,† the last line states. All in all, it is an amazing album. It is not Dookie, it is not Nimrod, it is not 39/Smooth, nor is it Insomniac. It is not completely punk rock either. But it is a great album altogether. It is rated no.1 best rock and metal album from the 2000s by Kerrang! magazine. I’ve got to admit though, I have never written anything more that 1000 words in two days. I hope you enjoyed reading this.

Integrated Marketing Plan Essays

Integrated Marketing Plan Essays Integrated Marketing Plan Essay Integrated Marketing Plan Essay Executive Summary Background Started in 1960 by James and Tom Monaghan as a little pizza shop in Ypsilanti. Michigan. Domino’s Pizza has grown to more than 10. 000 corporate and franchised shops in 70 states. Domino’s Pizza is recognized as the 2nd largest pizza concatenation in the United States after Pizza Hut. and the largest worldwide. 8 Domino’s had planetary retail gross revenues of over $ 7. 4 billion in 2012. comprised of over $ 3. 5 billion in the U. S. and about $ 3. 9 billion internationally. In the 3rd one-fourth of 2013. Domino’s had planetary retail gross revenues of about $ 1. 8 billion. comprised of $ 849 million in the U. S. and $ 935 million internationally. 9 Focus on Technology From April 2011 to April 2012. Domino’s reached an impressive $ 2 Billion in US digital from its apps on platforms such as Kindle Fire. Android. Windows 8 phone. and iPhone – which now cover about 95 % of the U. S. smartphone market. Digital gross revenues. which include Mobile and computing machine telling. now make up 40 % of all Domino’s gross revenues. an addition from 30 % in 2012. 9 Problem Statement Building on the success of Domino’s merchandise rebranding and technological inventions. the company’s end is to implement effectual schemes that will increase its per centum of gross revenues driven through the company’s nomadic apps and on-line web site. Situational Analysis Strengths of the Organization Domino’s Pizza is the 2nd largest pizza concatenation in the United States and the universe leader in pizza bringing. with more than 10. 000 corporate and franchised shops in over 70 states ( Corporate ) . Furthermore. Domino’s Pizza has been the receiver of Pizza Today magazine’s Chain of the Year award three times back to endorse in 2010 and 2011 ( Corporate ) . Over the old ages. Domino’s has launched many industry inventions to maintain them at the top of the ladder. viz. the HeatWave bag. Domino’s Tracker. and the Domino’s Pizza app ( Corporate ) . This company has maintained great name trade name acknowledgment and a strong distribution system ( Corporate ) . Additionally. Domino’s has maintained its position as a socially responsible company by go oning its 10th one-year Thanks A ; Giving Campaign for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital ( Press ) . Failings of the Organization Despite its many strengths. Domino’s Pizza besides has some failings. Domino’s has a history of past injudiciousnesss with some of its employees. In 2009. two Domino’s employees damaged the trade name by drawing a buffoonery that showed them go againsting wellness codification sanitation criterions ( Clifford. 2009 ) . Furthermore in 2010. a North Carolina adult female found a racial slur on her Domino’s reception ( ABC. 2010 ) . Domino’s has long since repaired its public image but now it must be excess careful to keep client trueness. Opportunities in the Environment An chance for Domino’s pizza is societal media exposure. This exposure can bring forth more attending from the mark market as they are the most likely to be represented on societal media web sites. Menaces in the Environment Some menaces for Domino’s Pizza include the fact that some of their merchandises. specifically their sandwiches and sweets. may non look healthy particularly to a health-conscious consumer. As of now. economic reverses such as pay additions have affected Domino’s Pizza because some British employees have been kicking about hapless rewards ( Karphal. 2013 ) . Competitor. and current industry leader Pizza Hut. offers many of the same merchandises as Domino’s. The company must find the most effectual method to put its merchandises above its rivals. Market Analysis The pizza eating house industry is go oning to lift at a rate of about 1. 6 % ( Barrett. 2012 ) . Pizza Hut. Domino’s Pizza. and Papa John’s rank foremost in gross revenues and unit counts among all the different ironss ( Barrett 2012 ) . The pizza industry is a $ 40 billion industry that makes up about 11 per centum of all eating houses in the state ( Franchise. 2013 ) . Ninety-three per centum of Americans eat at least one pizza per month in the state ( Franchise. 2013 ) . The tendency with Americans now is to travel toward take out and fast bringing nutrient options instead than dining out ( Franchise. 2013 ) . Additionally. one of the best benefits of the pizza industry is its customization for consumer penchants and high versatility ( Franchise 2013 ) . The biggest pizza franchises. Pizza Hut. Domino’s. Papa John’s. and Small Caesars lead in the US pizza industry ( Franchise. 2013 ) . However. Pizza Hut leads the battalion with a larger per centums of entire gross revenues ( about 14. 68 % of all U. S. pizza gross revenues ) compared with the remainder ( Barrett. 2012 ) . Year Ending September 2012 ( cite pmq ) Consumer Behavior Analysis Domino’s mark audience is the age group of consumers 18-49 old ages old. both males and females. Harmonizing to the pizza eating house industry. the nucleus pizza consumer is around the ages of 18 to 44 old ages old. with 75 per centum to 77 per centum of this age group being a pizza eating house consumer ( Barrett. 2012 ) . Of this age. about half ( 47 % ) of people consider an online telling option of import when it comes to doing determinations about purchasing pizza ( Barrett. 2012 ) . Furthermore. among this percentile are the consumers aged 25-34 ( 57 % ) and those with three or more kids ( 55 % ; Barrett. 2012 ) . Fortunately for Domino’s. its accent on new engineering has helped to force the debut of Domino’s telling apps for iPhone. Android phones. Windows 8. and the Kindle Fire. which now cover about 95 per centum of the US smartphone market ( Corporate ) . Rival Analysis Domino’s three chief rivals are Pizza Hut. Papa John’s. and Small Caesars. In fact. its biggest competition presently is Pizza Hut. Pizza Hut presently leads the industry with approximately 15 % of the market and its shops account for 11 % of all pizza shops in the US ( Barrett. 2012 ) . Likewise. Pizza Hut’s merchandise offerings do non differ well from Domino’s. It besides offers its merchandise at really competitory monetary values. Papa Johns and Little Caesars’ merchandise offering differ somewhat from Domino’s in the sense that they do non offer pastas or sandwiches like Domino’s. Small Caesars is the lone pizza eating house that does non offer the bringing option. Furthermore. even in societal media ranking. viz. Facebook. Twitter. YouTube. and Instagram. Pizza Hut leads in each class. Information from each of the 4 most popular American pizza trade names in regard to their popularity shows the followers: As demonstrated in the chart above. Pizza Hut leads the battalion with 10. 9 million likes. Domino’s takes 2nd topographic point with about 8. 8 million likes. Papa John’s is 3rd with about 2. 6 million likes. while Small Caesars is 4th with 1. 6 million likes. An article entitled Top American Pizza Brands in societal media illustrates more in item the different pizza trade names and how consumers view each their several Facebook pages. With regard with the other societal media web sites. Instagram and YouTube. here are the consequences: As you can see here. Pizza Hut once more leads in this societal media class with 3. 213 YouTube endorsers and 19. 753 Instagram followings. Domino’s trails behind Pizza Hut with merely 3. 179 endorsers and 5. 695 followings. Papa Johns was non accessible on these sites so they do non hold any representation in the above chart. Last. with Twitter. here are the consequences: Pizza Hut boasts 650. 300 followings ; Domino’s has 428. 049 followings ; Papa John’s has 169. 296 followings ; and Small Caesars has 25. 209 followings. It is of import to analyse the findings of each of these pizza company’s societal media rankings because the mark age group are continuously on these sites to happen information about each trade name before they make a determination. Harmonizing to Andrew Merrill. he states that 70 % of all consumers research online before doing purchases or taking service suppliers while 30 % of consumers make buying determinations based on branding runs ( Merrill. 2013 ) . It is of import to guarantee that Domino’s has a important presence online as it has globally. Target Audience Domino’s mark audience is males and females ages 18-49 skewed somewhat female with a focal point on female parents and caputs of family responsible for doing the dinner determination for their household. Merchandise Analysis Domino’s Pizza was long recognized for its inferior gustatory sensation and quality. In a 2010 interview with Gayle King of The Gayle King Show on Oprah Radio. CEO. Patrick Doyle. acknowledged the lower status of Domino’s gustatory sensation and quality. Since that clip. Domino’s Pizza has made a consorted attempt to travel the trade name and image into a more favourably light. Offering many of the same merchandises as its rivals – pizza. bread-sticks. lily-livered wings. Domino’s Pizza must go on to happen new. advanced ways to put itself apart from rivals and drive more consumers back to the Domino’s trade name. Selling Political campaign Our originative Domino’s run is comprised of three parts. which will cross the months of October to December 2014. Harmonizing to the Domino’s web site. its busiest yearss of service. apart from Superbowl Sunday. autumn on Halloween. Thanksgiving Eve. and New Year’s Eve/ Day ( Corporate ) . With this in head. we will carry on a series of mini runs within the larger one in order to accomplish a greater consciousness of the easiness and benefit of telling online. The three parts of the run are as follows: 1 ) addition online advertizements about the app engineering through Facebook and YouTube ; 2 ) make a national pizza game with the primary end being to drive gross revenues through the app ; 3 ) bring forth a planetary competition in which interested contestants must make a short YouTube commercial demoing the benefits of telling with the app engineering. The first portion of our run will assist to do the public aware of the benefits of telling online. whether on the computing machine or with a phone/iPad/Kindle app. Harmonizing to a YouTube article. in the US. online picture ads when combined with telecasting ads create a 35 % rise in trade name callback. a 53 % addition in message callback and a 31 % rise in likeability over telecasting entirely ( YouTube. 2012 ) . Therefore. we will increase advertizements on all the societal media websites more. viz. Facebook and YouTube because they require some cost. Facebook ads require $ 350 for three months of advertisement. Facebook allows the user to aim the specific audience based on age. sex. interests/hobbies. linguistic communication. etc. YouTube ads. on the other manus. will be ads placed in the picture. These ads are known as in-video sheathing ads ( Kim. 2012 ) . These ads play before or during the picture and viewing audiences have the option to jump the ad ( with no cost to the proprietor ) or to watch the advertizement ( with cost to the proprietor ) . The cost of these ads are anyplace from $ 0. 10 to $ 0. 30 each. We expect the first portion of this run to run for all the three months. The 2nd portion of our run will affect the creative activity of an app game within the bing Domino’s app. This game. which will run from October 30th -November 30th. will let participants the ability to win a free pizza if they win the game. The regulations of the game are that three times a hebdomad ( Monday. Wednesday. and Friday ) . consumers will hold to think the right pizza toppings in the right measure. crust. and size selected by a different Domino’s executive or employee. If the consumer chooses the right type of pizza. they will win that pizza for the twenty-four hours or have the option to alter the toppings merely. In the event that there is more than one victor for the twenty-four hours. each of their names will be placed in a raffle and merely one name will be selected for the free pizza award. Lone participants who have the Domino’s app will be able to play this game. The 3rd portion of our run involves a planetary competition that will affect all the different planetary Domino’s pizza eating houses. In this portion. interested participants will be given the ability to plan a originative commercial utilizing the Domino’s app to order a pizza. The picture must be 2-5 proceedingss in length and the participants must wish Domino’s Facebook page. follow its Twitter and Instagram page. and subscribe to its YouTube page in order to take part. They must twirp their picture to Domino’s chief Twitter page. This competit ion will be unfastened for the first two hebdomads in December. After that clip. each picture will be assessed harmonizing to creativeness. length. and content. The victor will be announced in the 3rd hebdomad of December. The victor of the planetary competition will win the ultimate award of holding Domino’s cater to their following party or event. This will travel manus in manus with two of the biggest yearss in Domino’s busiest merchandising yearss. Domino’s will supply its pizza. sides. drinks. and desserts to the victor. The figure of pizzas will be limited to 10 boxes. with the choice of each type of sides and sweets. and 10 2-liter drinks. Marketing Aim: Domino’s Pizza aim for the 2013 selling run is to increase nomadic app gross revenues by 7 % . This will be achieved through commercial advertizement and societal media interaction which will do the client aware that no affair the consumers’ location. they are able to order tiffin or dinner in less than a minute. Another aim is to increase the measure of loyal clients by 5 % . In 2009. Dominos received a package of feedback from their clients that the pizza was non reliable or fresh and tasted disgusting. The most common ailment was that the pizza crust gustatory sensation like cardboard ( Fera 2013 ) . This aim could easy be achieved chiefly through commercial advertizement or particular offers from local shops. Marketing Schemes: Domino’s Pizza will utilize tradition and untraditional media to pull new and old clients promoting them to seek our new and improved merchandises. For the convenience of the client we encourage them to order Dominos merchandises chiefly through their web site and nomadic app. In order to increase gross revenues we need to sharply publicize through the company’s web site. societal media and telecasting commercials. A. Our scheme to market our nomadic app is to foremost do it known to the clients that we developed an app on any smartphone device for free. By doing clients cognizant of this nomadic app. it could increase Dominos merchandise gross revenues. The company needs to introduce a originative commercial demoing how easy it is to download and use their nomadic app. Once Dominos experience comfy that they reached plenty of their mark clients. the company can so offer hot trades for the client if they order pizza and other merchandises through the nomadic app merely. Even if the client prefers to order on Dominos web site. the nomadic app allows the client to maintain path of when the order should hit the front door of their house no affair where they are located. The quicker a client can order tiffin or dinner. the faster the order is delivered to the client. The Dominos nomadic app is built for that peculiar client who is ever on the spell and needs to put a speedy order with the ability to look into the procedure of the located order anyplace. B. In order for Dominos to increase the measure of loyal clients by 5 % . they need to sharply explicate to consumer that they have redeveloped and revamped their merchandises to the satisfaction of their clients wants for quality pizza. This could be expressed though commercial advertizement and societal media. Commercial advertizement will show to the clients that Dominos listened to the feedback of old clients and have presently re-innovated their pizza merchandise to consumers’ satisfaction. But the disengagement of their refurbished merchandise is that most of their old client are incognizant of their alterations which led them to other pizza companies. With that said. local Domino shops should offer a pizza launch for households in the vicinity to seek one of their favourite 1-topping medium size pizza. This allows the client to savor the quality of Dominos refurbished pizza merchandises. Building trade name trueness and altering the customers’ position of their merchandises is really of import to increasing gross revenues. Dominos web site. World Wide Web. pizzaturnaround. com. is a great manner for possible or old clients to reexamine how much Dominos redeveloped their pizza merchandise fundamentally from abrasion ( Bodnar 2010 ) . Many people were misguided by what other clients said old ages ago doing future client disheartenment from telling Domino’s Pizza. C. As for our media nonsubjective. we strategize that we can hold a countrywide competition wh ich will let consumers to do a commercial on how they eat their pizza. Unique picture will hold the opportunity to be selected and run on Domino’s profile page. This can be implemented through YouTube. Vine. and Instagram. Social media is an of import tool for Dominos to offer hot trades without the client traveling to the company’s web site. They can easy look into current events and voucher trade that Dominos promote on a day-to-day footing. Customers the utilize societal media could promote fellow followings on their web to buy Domino’s Pizza merchandises in order to see the same great gustatory sensation that they enjoy. Evaluation The media selling program proposed will be effectual because consumer tendencies are being followed and aggressive advertizement are being carefully placed in the media aiming immature grownups and households often. To find whether or non our media program will work. each scheme must be implemented carefully and efficaciously to guarantee that Dominos aims are met. As we continue to implement our selling and media scheme. we will analyse the customers’ interaction with the Dominos web site and nomadic app. This analysis will find the overall public presentation of our media program exposing if we need to revamp our program or go on with the program at manus. Implementing this media program will assist guarantee Domino’s Pizza that they will stay the leader in pizza bringing while increasing gross revenues. Budget Domino’s Pizza creative run based on fast bringing with the usage of the Dominos web site and nomadic app. The run budget of $ 250. 000 includes advertizement outgos on: hoarding. theodolite. eventuality fund. societal media. promotional points and hunt engine optimisation. Billboard advertizement will dwell of 8 % of the budget because it seems more logic to concentrate on other advertizement tools even though hoardings are great in certain countries. As for Maryland. exposing your concern on a hoarding is non the most effectual advertizement tool since people have problem sing the hoarding while driving. The sum for this medium is $ 20. 000. For theodolite advertizement we consider this tool to be 12 % of the budget coming up $ 30. 000. Many working female parent and immature grownups continuously take public transit. This will be a great manner for Dominos to distribute their trade name name throughout the state. Social media is the most of import portion of the budget at 3 2 % because it is the most convenient for communicating between Dominos and the populace. This portion of the budget will be $ 80. 000. Every program needs a backup program merely in instance the initial scheme doesn’t execute the ends we need in order to successfully implement our media program. The eventuality fund for our Dominos media run will be 14 % at $ 35. 000. Search engine optimisation is besides a great manner for Dominos to spread out their trade name name when people are seeking other subjects on the net. This medium would be deserving 18 % of the budget at the sum of $ 45. 000. And last but non least the promotional point of the budget will be $ 40. 000 for 16 % of the budget. This concludes the budget for our media run. Plants Cited 1. Bodnar. Kipp. ( 2010 ) . B2B Social Media Lessons from Domino’s Pizza Turnaround Campaign . Retrieved November 28. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //socialmediab2b. com/2010/01/dominos-pizza-turnaround-campaign/ 2. Alfs. Lizzy. ( 2013 ) . What’s following for domino’s Pizza? CEO Patrick Doyle outlines some ends. Retrieved November 26. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. annarbor. com/business-review/whats-next-for-dominos-pizza-ceo-patrick-doyle-outlines-some-goals/ . 3. Domino’s Pizza Inc. ( 2013 ) . Retrieved December 11. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //topics. nytimes. com/top/news/business/companies/dominos-pizza-inc/index. hypertext markup language. 4. Inside Domino’s. ( 2013 ) . Retrieved November 26. 2013

Driessen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Driessen - Essay Example Paul Driessen's book Eco-Imperialism: Green Power, Black Death considers the subject of how the extremists of the environmental lobby within the rich and developed countries of the west are pushing their own ecological standards upon those of the less developed world (Driessen, 2003). Paul Driessen has worked within the Senate and Department of the Interior as well as being involved in support groups. However, through out his time in Washington he has slowly realised that the process of support for the environment has slowly ground to a halt, or has become so blinkered by its own ideologies that it has stopped accepting fresh new ideas and evidence that would help saves the lives of billions (Driessen, 2003). Driessen puts forward the statement that has been argued by many that the environment and theories concerning its values should always be taken into consideration and placed over saving human lives. This statement and its actions is seen as being the cause of so many lives being lost in the third world countries (Driessen, 2003). What makes matters worse is that many of these eco-imperialist groups are advocating the need to heal the earth, these groups include Greenpeace, who through the many years of its existence may have used up more oil on it's boat the rainbow warrior than any other shipping or whaling industry. Their aim and agenda is to save the world but at the cost of human life, which sadly can be found in much of the third world (Driessen, 2003). Driessen illustrates that those eco-imperialists are purposely and deliberately forcing their own ideals onto the world and as such are responsible for the death of so many lives around the globe. It is ideas such as the removal of DDT as a pesticide that has caused the rise of mosquitoes. This has caused the death of nearly 2 million people a year in sub Saharan Africa (Driessen, 2003). Driessen points out that when DDT is sprayed in the homes there is no risk to the environment or to people. Moreover, it has been illustrated that by using DDT the South African government had stemmed the number of deaths to around 10,000 per year. Sadly when DDT was halted the deaths rose to a staggeringly 62,000 a year and again fell when DDT was reintroduced (Driessen, 2003) Furthermore, the book illustrates the change in economies and demands for new doctrines for Corporate Social Responsibility, in this the demands are placed upon these groups instead of their own goals and profits, sadly once these ideals are defined then the policies that look at human suffering and misery become less important in favour of profit (Driessen, 2003). Driessen offers up the new ethical codes as a questionable way for the eco-imperialists to push for their ideologies upon the world (Driessen, 2003). The argument by such groups that invoke the eco-imperialistic ethos that science, technology and industry should be removed or refused to the third world countries can be seen as once again elitist, how can a country develop if it is refused the technology in which to do so. Many of the third world countries population seek to move out of their stone age huts and live in modern houses with electricity and clean fresh running water, the kind of things at many in the west take for granted. Yet these poor people are denied even the right of living like modern humans by elitist groups whose only ideal is their own back yard

Real estate and capital structure decisions- Lease versus Buy Analysis Essay

Real estate and capital structure decisions- Lease versus Buy Analysis - Essay Example If the study proves to be promising, that the company will most likely to expand in 2-3 years, the idea of buying a space could then be possible---but it still might not be the best option. Company expansion may not even mean an extension of the same space. It would sometimes be practical, and this is what most businessmen prefer, to rent a space from a different area. This aims to win a different market and could then maximize company profits, or at times, if it is not a marketing company, this option will give its clients an option on which office is more accessible. Another factor is the present company financial status on the STL’s immediate needs. Having a twenty full-time staff, STL could then be considered as a small enterprise, and its financial statements show that STL is not earning a quite impressive profit; in fact, the statement indicates that the company will be immediately affected of the lease rent increase. Below is an illustration of a basic computation to determine the distinction on the lease expense and the purchase option. The trading company is currently paying an annual amount of HK$970,000 or HK$80,833.333 every month, whereas, an additional ten percent would require the company to spend HK$1,067,000 every year or HK$88916.667 each month. This amount, when multiplied by 10, would make the company an allotment of HK$10, 670,000. Please note the possibility of another increase for the lease. This would be dependent on the length of time of the contract, if STL has a 10-year lease contract it is not likely to endure another price rise. The amount, however, was multiplied by ten, for the anticipation of a ten- year-mortgage should the company decide to purchase its own space. The interest would depend on the market and economy; however, it is evident that the purchase price does not have a great difference in amount. The purchase

Audit Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Audit Project - Essay Example 3. New computerized manufacturing equipment that has a stamp â€Å"product of Welburn manufacturing, Detroit Michigan†. Under this condition, the fraud risk is significant since there is miscommunication. 4. Pinnacle employees constructed a building because of employee idle and to save time. The controller said there was coordination with the construction company responsible for the addition. The fraud risk under this case is very significant since there might be a coalition between the construction company and the controller. 5. Auto-electro accounts for nearly 15% of the companys account receivable balance and the customer has not made payments for several months. The fraud risk under this case can be very significant because it can lead to lose a lot of money. 6. The directors raised a significant amount of debt to finance the construction of new manufacturing plant for solar-electro division and modification to the property on which the plant will be built. The fraud risk under this circumstance is insignificant since there is approval by directors. 7. Pinnacle president while wearing a golf shirt with the words ‘‘Todd-Machine† and repairmen who repair company own by vice president of Pinnacle. The fraud risk is very significant because it seems the vice president has an interest in two competing companies. 8. Significant turnover in the internal audit department. There was a conclusion that the turnover is only present at the higher level positions. The fraud risk under this case is significant because high turnover is a bad sign 9. While review debt agreements, It several restrictive covenants was identified ,two requirements are to keep the current ratio above 2.0 and debt below 1.0 at all times. This is normal business adjustment, and the fraud risk is insignificant 10. CPA notification that Brian Sioux will be visiting pinnacle facilities to investigate an ongoing dispute between the internal revenue

Poverty And Hunger Around The World

Poverty And Hunger Around The World Introduction In our world, there is enough food to feed the whole population. However, according to FAOs recent report, one out of every six or seven people is hungry and it is a possibility that one out of three children is underweight. Today a massive number of people are living under poverty and many are dying of hunger each day. According to a report, 40% of the worlds population is living under poverty (www.thp.org). The World Bank states in India, the worlds second most populated nation, has 34% living on less than $1 a day and 80% living on less than $2. The situation is the same in Sub- Saharan Africa. The same source indicated above claims that 41% of the population in Sub- Saharan Africa live on less than $1 a day which is considered as the international poverty line. What are the causes and effects of poverty and hunger and how are they spread out around the world? What does Poverty and Hunger Mean? Poverty and hunger are defined in different ways by different individuals. Poverty is defined as people living in household below 60 percent of median income ( Raffo et al 5). Encarta Dictionary also states poverty as the state of not having enough money to take care of basic needs such as food, clothing and housing. Encyclopedia Britannica defines poverty as the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. All the definitions assert that poverty is a state in which one cannot afford to achieve a basic living standard such as food and clothing. Poverty may be considered as the condition of being extremely poor. Poverty is classified into two categories according to World Bank. These are income poverty and human poverty. Income poverty is related with only financial income whereas human poverty includes lack of proper diet, clothing, shelter and work. So far, weve defined poverty but what is hunger? In many sources including Encyclopedia Britannica, hunger is viewed as a feeling we have when we need something to eat. Both poverty and hunger are spread all over the world but the degree varies from country to country. The less developed countries suffer from it strongly whereas the developed countries are affected to a much lesser degree. Poverty and Hunger Facts Do you know how many people are living in poverty and how many are diying of hunger each day worldwide? There are a number of people who are poor and hungry in the world. The United Nations bulletin on the Eradication of Poverty claims that 1.2 billion people live on less than $1 a day which is viewed as the absolute poverty level. It is very shocking to know that so many people are living under poverty. According to the bulletin, 24,000 people die of hunger each day, 16,000 of whom are children under five years of age. In addition to this, 800 million people, or one in every six people, are malnourished, 200 million of whom are children. As a result, the average life expectancy where hunger is serious, is low. There are 19 million hungry people in developed countries and 53 million people are hungry in Latin America and the Caribbean. In Sub- Saharan Africa, 239 million people are also hungry (www.stwr.org). World Hunger Project further states the issue as follows: As of 2008, the World Bank has estimated that there were an estimated 1,345 million poor people in developing countries who live on $1.25 a day or less. This compares to the later FAO estimate of 1.02 billion undernourished people. Extreme poverty remains an alarming problem in the worlds developing regions, despite some progress that reduced dollarnow $1.25 a day poverty from 1900 million people in 1981, a reduction of 29 percent over the period. Progress in poverty reduction has been concentrated in Asia, and especially, East Asia, with the major improvement occurring in China. Hunger around the world There are many factors that are assumed to be root causes for the existence of poverty in the world. Lack of resources, an unequal income distribution, conflict, drought, famine and climate change, for example, are some of the causes of poverty and hunger in many countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the number of people in extreme poverty has increased. The economic systems of a nation may also be the principal cause of poverty and hunger. A number of international organizations which are working with poverty and hunger believe that the principal underlying cause of poverty and hunger is the ordinary operation of the economic and political systems in the world. In the developing countries especially in African, control over resources and income is based on military power. Therefore, everything is in the hand of people who are leading a comfortable life whereas the poor are the victim of the system. One of the causes of poverty and hunger according to FAO is conflict. FAO strongly believes that large number of people are poor and hungry due to conflict either inside their nation or outside. Moreover, UNHCR strenghens this fact in the following way: At the end of 2005, the global number of refugees was at its lowest level in almost a quarter of a century. Despite some large-scale repatriation movements, the last three years have witnessed a significant increase in refugee numbers, due primarily to the violence taking place in Iraq and Somalia. By the end of 2008, the total number of refugees under UNHCRs mandate exceeded 10 million. The number of conflict-induced internally displaced persons (IDPs) reached some 26 million worldwide at the end of the year . Providing exact figures on the number of stateless people is extremely difficult. But, important, visible though it is, and anguishing for those involved conflict is less important as poverty as a cause of hunger. Using the statistics above 1.02 billion people suffer from chronic hunger while 36 million people are displaced (UNHCR 2008). Hunger can be viewed as the cause of poverty in a such a way that it causes poor health, low levels of energy, and even mental impairment. Due to this fact, hunger can lead to even greater poverty by reducing peoples ability to work and learn. Therefore, we may conclude that hunger is one of the causes of poverty. Climate change is another serious cause of hunger and poverty as global warming is increasing rapidly. As the result of change in climate, drought in the world is increasing day by day. Flooding and farming practices are other key issues regarding poverty and hunger. As it is mentioned earlier, factors such as land rights and ownership, land for non-productive use (such as tobaco industries and floriculture) increasing of export of food when the countrys people dont have enough to eat, poor methods of farming, war, drought, and many more are causes of poverty and hunger . How does poverty affect hunger? Poverty and hunger are almost inseparable. Poverty is the main cause of hunger, when people do not have money they can not afford to buy food and support themselves. Hence,world hunger is a symptom of world poverty. Although hunger is caused by many factors, the most dominant reason is linked with poverty. Conclusion The world community has the material and all that is needed to prevent and fight hunger and poverty. Yet, people are hungry even when there is enough food because it is not equally distributed and due to political unrests. Providing aid food for the hungry is not an ever lasting solution to tackle poverty and hunger. We need to find a sustainable solution to eradicate hunger and poverty. We need to address the issues such as poor farming practices, deforestation, overcropping and overgrazing that are exhausting land fertility and cause hunger. Wars are another underlying issue to poverty and hunger that need to be addressed as millions of people get displaced every from their homes leading to hunger and poverty.We need to find better ways of fighting hunger and poverty by addressing the issue at a prevention stage.

Louis XIV :: essays research papers

Louis XIV Louis XIV was a good leader for many reasons, some of which will come out in this essay. Louis ruled with an iron fist, he didn't let anyone mess with France, and if they did , he made them suffer. Second, Louis had mercy on those who betrayed him, a trait rarely seen in his day and age. Third most he did his best to bring down the nobles of France, particularly the more richer ones who thought they were above the law. Louis ruled with an iron fist he didn't let anyone mess around with France, if anyone had the guts to even think about challenging his power over the people of France he would do he would go out of his way to make them suffer. (*1) â€Å"At the same time he regarded himself as God's deputy in France and would allow no challenge to his authority, from the Pope or anyone else† Louis got into many wars while he was ruler of France, he was quick to the draw and did not hesitate to start a war. To show the Catholics that he was still a catholic king ,Louis kept mounting pressure on the French Protestants, until 1685 when he revoked Edict of Nantes. Then he forbid anyone to practice Calvinism. To the people of France this showed great strength on the part of Louis, the fact that he could keep he kept everyone in France inline at the same time. everyone in France obeyed him because he was such a grand, rich, fair king. Louis got into many wars with other countries over the stupidest things, when Charles II were to die with no kids, he made he offered to make Louis's grandson the sole beneficiary of the vast inheritance to be left behind, Louis Accepted the the offer out of pure greed, but that dicision meant war with Austria. Although, Louis was already getting half of the money he still greedily accepted the offer, if he had not accepted the offer war could have been avoided, but hey we all make mistakes The second thing about Louis that made him a good leader was that he had Mercy on those who betrayed him which was something rarely seen in that time. Most Rulers just murdered those who betrayed them, but Louis would jail them. In the case of Louis's most important lieutenant, named Mazarin, He was charged with peculation and found guilty then sentenced to banishment from France. Instead of letting the whole ordeal go down Louis intervened and changed Mazarins sentence from banishment to imprisonment for life.

Co-Cultural Identities

Brody De Loria Instructor: Solveig E. Pedersen Oral Comm. A111 11/12/12 Co-Cultural Identities Cultural identity is the identity of a group or culture, or of an individual, as far as one is influenced by one's belonging to a group or culture. In recent decades, a new form of identification has emerged which breaks down the understanding of the individual as a coherent whole subject into a collection of various cultural identifiers.These cultural identifiers may be the result of various conditions including: location, gender, race, history, nationality, language, sexuality, religious beliefs, aesthetics and ethnicity. The divisions between cultures can be very fine in some parts of the world, especially places such as the United States, where the population is ethnically diverse and social unity is based primarily on common social values and beliefs. Everyone is a part of many co-cultural identities and they all have an effect on how one communicates with others.Some co-cultural ident ities may have more of an influence on someone’s decision making while communicating than others, but they all do affect us in one way or another. Some of these co-cultural identities you are born into, such as ethnicity or gender and others you gradually fall into throughout your life such as religion, depending on your experiences. No matter what co-cultural identities you belong to, they influence how we communicate with others because they are factors of what makes us who we are, and we can’t help that.What we can help is to know what those co-cultural identities are so we can understand when why we might be having communication problems with someone who belongs to other co-cultural identities. Also of interest is the interplay between cultural identity and new media. Rather than necessarily representing an individual's interaction within a certain group, cultural identity may be defined by the social network of people imitating and following the social norms as pr esented by the media.Accordingly, instead of learning behavior and knowledge from cultural groups, individuals may be learning these social norms from the media to build on their cultural identity. Political correctness is a term which denotes language, ideas, policies, and behavior seen as seeking to minimize social and institutional offense in occupational, gender, racial, cultural, sexual orientation, certain other religions, beliefs or ideologies, disability, and age-related contexts.An example of political correctness is the changing terminology used to describe handicapped people. In the past the term â€Å"crippled† was perfectly acceptable and not considered offensive. At some point, some politician decided â€Å"crippled† was degrading and the preferred term changed to â€Å"handicapped. † This, too, was eventually deemed offensive and â€Å"disabled† became the preferred term. Today, even â€Å"disabled† is considered degrading to some an d â€Å"differently abled† and â€Å"physically challenged† are used by those people.The same can be said for the changing uses of terms for Black Americans: â€Å"Negro† and â€Å"colored,† once perfectly acceptable terms, became offensive during the 1970s and â€Å"Afro-American† and â€Å"Black† came into use, which in turn gave way to â€Å"African-American,† and in broader usage, â€Å"people of color. † As well as language, political correctness discourages the use of racial or stereotypes in fiction out of concern that these stereotypes may become self-perpetuating.For example, frequently seeing the image black gang-members decked out in gold chains, carrying guns and listening to rap may pressure young black people into seeing this lifestyle as the more ‘acceptable' choice for their racial group. The common image of female-dominated occupations, such as; nurses, secretaries, care workers, etc, and of male-dominate d occupations; IT workers, military, machinery operators, mechanics, etc. , can discourage individuals of either gender from considering those occupations traditionally belonging to the other.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Essays - Delano Family, Livingston Family

Franklin D. Roosevelt Essays - Delano Family, Livingston Family Franklin D. Roosevelt On January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New York Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born. James Roosevelt, Franklin's father, was a prosperous railroad official and landowner(Lawson 25). His predecessors, when they came from the Netherlands, were succes Roosevelt learned from private tutors, not going to school until the age of fourteen. He had already studied German, Latin and French by the time he had started school(Freidel 6). Sailing, bird hunting and stamp collecting were among his hobbies. On his In 1896, at the age of fourteen his parents sent him away to Groton, Massachusetts, to a private, boys only, boarding school. He was not very popular among the students, but was respected by his peers and was never the object of pranks pulled by the ol From there, Roosevelt went on to enter Harvard in 1900. There too Roosevelt remained an average student, making it through with a C average most of the time(Hacker 19). At Harvard, his social activities took preference over his academic pursuit and the In 1903 Roosevelt graduated from Harvard and entered the Columbia Law School. He dropped out in his third year after passing the New York bar examination(Hacker 24). Soon after, Roosevelt started practicing law with a New York law firm. While still in law school, Roosevelt met Anna Eleanor Roosevelt a distant cousin, only a few years younger than him(Alsop 28). They were married on St. Patrick's day, March 17th, 1905(Freidel 13). He was twenty-three and she was twenty-one. Her fathe A few years later in 1910, Roosevelt accepted the Democratic nomination for the New York State Senate(Freidel 17). He won the elections, and in the following January he entered the Senate at the young age of twenty-eight(Freidel 18). Later in 1912 he ra In July of 1921, while vacationing at Campobello Island, he went sailing with his children. One day, they saw, what appeared to be a forest fire, on a nearby island they quickly sailed to shore to help put out the fire. It took a couple of hours and w was able to walk in the pool unaided. His disease, poliomyelitis, had affected him on land but in the water he was as quick as anyone. In 1926 he bought Warm Springs for $200,000(Hacker 40). In 1927 he contributed two-thirds of his wealth(Freidel 47) a His physical disabilities didn't hinder his climb of the political ladder. In 1928 Roosevelt ran for governor of New York and won the election with a large margin. One of his main goals was that the state should own the electric companies and other util In October of 1929, when Roosevelt was still Governor, the stock market suddenly collapsed. This caused nation-wide panic. Grain and cotton prices dropped tremendously due to an overabundant supply, and many farmers were out of jobs. Rapidly, people w Roosevelt did not run for the presidency in 1928 because that year, most of the country was in favor of a Republican candidate for president. Four years later in 1932, a week before his fiftieth birthday, Roosevelt announced his candidacy for president Through his campaign speeches he preached of a 'New Deal' for the American people, one that would lift them out of the depression. Now he was going to fulfill his promise. Roosevelt did not sit back and watch the country take itself out of a depression. uests would be permitted to reopen and those that couldn't, wouldn't. Banks that couldn't meet withdrawals requests would, together with federal aid, meet the withdrawal demands(Lawson 48). Of the nineteen thousand banks, only about twenty-four hundred Like he said in campaign speeches, If I were elected President, my first step would be to mobilize the country for war on unemployment(Woolf). This is exactly what he started to do. Another main bill passed in the hundred days was the Civilian Conserv He also signed into law one of the most important laws that today helps back up our bank system. Until that time there was no insurance to cover for banks that went bankrupt or collapsed. The Banking Act of 1933 changed all of this. The government put a He also accomplished many things which greatly boosted the economy. He reduced the 1934 federal budget by 13%. Although he often spoke that the American Navy and Marines should be the best in the world, he was not hesitant in cutting the 1934 defense bud On August 14, 1935 he signed into

Report Writing Help

Report Writing Help Report Writing Help Report Writing Help is Here for You Report writing is an integral part of studying process of any person, and unfortunately, this task is not simple to accomplish. In order to fulfill this task, you have to possess definite writing skills. If it is not difficult for you to write the report, you are a lucky person; however, far not all the people have such a talent. Writing the report is a real torment for the majority of students, and at this point, report writing help is here to save their nerves and time. We Solve Your Academic Problems With the help of report writing service, you can easily solve all the problems concerning your report writing. Since report writing service has come into existence such puzzling expressions as business report, book report, or technical report are not frightening anymore. If you do not know how to write this or that piece of report writing do not fall into despair, as report writing service is here to help you. A team of professionals will writ e any report on any topic for you with the proper quality and perfect style. Report writing is an activity that should be accomplished only by the people who have a real talent and passion for writing that is why report writing service is in a great demand among students nowadays. Only the highly qualified specialists, who cannot imagine their life without writing, researching, and creating, provide report-writing help for you. Our Report Writing Service Is Legitimate! Of course, apart from report writing service, it is also possible to find a ready-made report in the Internet and copy it. However, this option is not the best one in terms of plagiarism. You see if there is any plagiarism in your report, you will never get the good grade for it, or even you will have to rewrite the report one more time. That is why report writing service, which is definitely free of plagiarism, is the best way out for you. Moreover, if you have very little time left until you are to present your report, report writing service can cope with the task in a very short space of time. You set your terms, report writing service fulfills it. Order Your Report Writing Today! Report writing service exists in order you to be calm and confident in the success of your report. Entrust the task, which you hate to the professionals of report writing help and you will not be disappointed.

Situational Analysis for Massive Incorporated Essay

Situational Analysis for Massive Incorporated - Essay Example Profit. As with any business organization, Massive opts to generate profit from its products and services. This is to ensure that the business has enough funds to finance its operational costs and other projects. Clients. Being a pioneer in the market, the company aims to understand its client needs in order to deliver maximum satisfaction. Massive seeks to give a new source of revenue to developers, provide a new venue for advertisers to promote their products, and enhance the gaming experience of gamers through in-game advertisements. Leadership. As rivalry heats up in the in-game advertising industry, Massive wants to be ahead in the competition. The company seeks to become the number one choice of advertisers by gaining a strong foothold in the market. Leadership can be measured by looking at Massive's market share relative to its competitors. Massive Incorporated is a player in the in-game advertising industry. This industry is primarily responsible for the placement of ads in video games in different platforms. This industry is a response to the declining television viewing as males aged 18-34 spend more time playing games. This age group which represents a huge proportion of the global market is one of the highly sought demographic segments by advertisers. However, as they turn to video games for recreation, advertisers need to find a way to incorporate advertisements during playtime. Though Massive pioneered in-game advertising, business organizations have been very quick to realize the potential profit gain from this segment. Together with Massive, Double Fusion and IGA Worldwide captures the largest market shares. Some smaller start-ups and players in the video game industry are also taking the challenge of in-game advertising. Yankee Group reports that there are about 112 million people aged 13 and above in the United States participating in some form of electronic gaming. It is forecasted that the number will grow to 148 million in 2008. These gaming activities are being conducted on four specific platforms like consoles, personal computers, handhelds and mobile devices (Shields, 2005). Despite the rapid growth of the video gaming industry, it also faces numerous challenges. It should be noted that customers now demand the creation of video games which have more sophisticated story lines and graphic improvements. This has resulted to higher production costs as well as longer production time. On the other hand, the average commercial life of a video game has significantly dropped to less than one year. With the increasing competition among industry players, companies are launching new strategies to attract

Strategic and Financial Decision-making Assignment 2 - 2010 Coursework

Strategic and Financial Decision-making Assignment 2 - 2010 - Coursework Example The ‘beta’ is the most important statistics tool to measure the volatility and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a popular model to calculate the return on stock. In this report the beta values of two companies will be calculated using the share prices of the last 24 months. These two companies are British American Tobacco (BATS) and the Petrofac (PFC.L) and both of them are listed in the London Stock Exchange (LSE). British American Tobacco is one of the leading tobacco companies in UK. British American Tobacco produces cigarettes under different brands and has different price range. â€Å"Petrofac is an international provider of facilities solutions to the oil & gas production and processing industries† (Petrofac, 2010). The beta values of both the companies will be calculated using different methodologies that include covariance of the stock return with market returns and the variance of the market returns and the linear regression analysis. For calculating the betas, the monthly stock prices of both the companies were obtained and for market return the index FTSE 100 has been used. All these are the secondary source of data obtained through online sources. The historical stock prices of the both the companies are obtained through ‘Yahoo Finance’ and the historical data of FTSE 100 is also taken from the same online source (Yahoo Finance. 2010). The calculated beta values have been compared with the beta values from the published source. The published source for betas has been taken from the online source, MSN-Money (MSN-Money, U.K. 2010.). The published betas of British American Tobacco and Petrofac are 0.47 and 1.06 respectively. The two methodologies for beta calculation have been used. The first methodology will use the covariance of stock return with market return and the variance of the market return. The following model explains the beta (ÃŽ ²) under the same method. The calculation has

Business strategy case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business strategy analysis - Case Study Example A BETA format video recorder was manufactured and produced by many companies like Sanyo, Toshiba etc. But this technology was going to meet a violent end. It was a hit in its introducing year since Sony went ahead to produce a Beta format home video system and Sanyo was producing the top selling beta format video recorder. Beta grabbed one-third of the UK market in 1975. Sony was in an agreement with JVC and the two companies had signed a deal formerly, to produce U-Mat technology and this deal was known as the U-Matic deal. Sony had taken one wrong step during this deal since they were too arrogant and aggressive enough to take most of the credit for the technology in the market. Thus, JVC had a grudge against Sony for this unfair treatment. When Sony produced Betamax they were still in a deal with JVC and once again Sony made the mistake of not accepting JVC's advice on replacing Betamax with JVC's new find which was better in all aspects, "Video Home System" (VHS) technology. Sony was once again to arrogant to accept the advice from JVC and they paid a price for it. JVC launched VHS in 1976 and this format swarmed the market. By 1980, VHS had a 70% market share in North America. By 1984, all strategic companies started to produce VHS format video recorders. Everyone adopted this new and better technology. But there are specific reasons to why Betamax failed due to Sony's bad strategy management. (SJ. Liebowitz, Stephen E. Margolis; 1996) Sony's strategy had flaws and the major flaw was that they had not conducted a proper market research about what the customer really wants. Sony had a wrong perception about what the customers really wanted. They believed the customers would go for the high quality of recording and not the length of the recording. VHS could record up to 4hrs of video whereas; Beta could record up to 3hrs and 35minutes. Customers wanted greater length and not quality of the video. So, VHS sold more and became a HIT! Beta was a high quality video format so the costs involved were high compared to VHS; therefore, the retail price for Beta was higher than that of VHS. This market is price sensitive and Sony took another wrong decision. Sony should have taken informed decisions in the market to avoid the embarrassment and the failure of their baby product that died in its infant stages. Sony could have both gracefully let go of Beta and taken JVC's advice to adopt VHS technology. But the company should have had conducted a market research to know the consumer demands. This would have saved them from making uninformed decisions that were a fatal risk and ended in a failure. Otherwise Sony could have marketed Beta with a different approach by targeting the right market. They could have targeted their product to a niche market that preferred quality over quantity. This way VHS and Beta would be competing in two different markets since VHS was mass marketed. BLU-RAY and HD-DVD BLU-RAY and HD-DVD (High Definition) are the latest buzz in the video format market but history is repeating itself since once again the two formats are in a war to gain the highest market share. BLU-RAY is considered to be more superior to HD-DVD because RAY can record two hours of digital HD (high definition) video and thirteen hours of SD video. HD-DVD has 40% less storage capacity comparatively. Sony's BLU-RAY or Toshiba's HD-DVD need

The Darwinian revolution challenged Essay Example for Free

The Darwinian revolution challenged Essay Define evolution broadly and then give a narrower definition, as discussed in the overview. Evolution: Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones; also defined more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation Concept 22.1 The Darwinian revolution challenged the traditional view of a young Earth inhabited by unchanging species This section takes a look at the historical setting and influences on Darwin, and it sets the stage for our formal study of evolution. How did each of the following sources view the origin of species? Aristotle and Scala Naturae: Aristotle viewed species as fixed. Through his observations of nature, Aristotle recognized â€Å"affinities† among organisms. He concluded that life-forms could be arranged on a ladder, or scale, of increasing complexity, called the scala naturae. Each form, perfect and permanent, had its allotted rung on this ladder. The Old Testament: The Old Testament holds that species were individually designed by God and therefore perfect. Carolus Linnaeus: Linnaeus adopted a nested classification system, grouping similar species into increasingly general categories. Linnaeus, adhering to the Old Testament belief that all species were designed by God, did not ascribe the resemblances among species to evolutionary kinship, but rather to the pattern of their creation. Explain the role of fossils in rock strata as a window to life in earlier times. Many fossils are found in sedimentary rocks formed from the sand and mud that settle to the bottom of seas, lakes, swamps, and other aquatic habitats. New layers of sediment cover older ones and compress them into superimposed layers of rock called strata. The fossils in particular strata provide a glimpse of some of the organisms that populated Earth at the time that the layer formed. How would Georges Cuvier have explained the appearance of the record of life shown in the rock strata? Cuvier opposed the idea of evolution. He advocated catastrophism, the principle that events in the past occurred suddenly and were caused by mechanisms different from those operating in the present. Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Cuvier speculated that each boundary between strata represented a catastrophe, such as a flood, that had destroyed many of the species living at that time. James Hutton and Charles Lyell were geologists whose ideas strongly influenced Darwin’s thinking. What were the ideas each of them contributed? James Hutton : Hutton proposed that Earth’s geologic features could be explained by gradual mechanisms still operating today, such as valley formed by rivers. Charles Lyell: Lyell incorporated Hutton’s thinking into his principle of uniformitarianism, which states that mechanisms of change are constant over time. Lyell proposed that the same geologic processes are operating today as in the past, and at the same rate. What is the importance of the principle of uniformitarianism? If geologic change results from slow, continuous actions rather than from sudden events, then Earth must be much older than the widely accepted age of a few thousand years. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck proposed a mechanism for how life changes over time. Explain the two principles of his mechanism. use and disuse: The idea that parts of the body that are used extensively become larger and stronger, while those that are not used deteriorate. inheritance of acquired characteristics: This idea states that an organism could pass these modifications of use and disuse to its offspring. Although Lamarck’s mechanism of evolution does not explain the changes in species over time, his thinking has been influential. What is considered to be the great importance of his ideas? Lamarck recognized that the match of organisms to their environments can be explained by gradual evolutionary change rather than special creation. Concept 22.2 Descent with modification by natural selection explains the adaptations of organisms and the unity and diversity of life Charles Darwin proposed that the mechanism of evolution is natural selection and that it explains how adaptations arise. What are adaptations? Give two examples of adaptations. Adaptations are inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments. Possible examples include the mottled coloration of a fawn that allows it to blend with its environment, or the sharp talons and beaks of birds of prey so well suited for predation. Explain the process of natural selection. In the process of natural selection, individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. Let’s try to summarize Darwin’s observations that drive changes in species over time: Observation 1. Variations in traits exist. Cite an Example Variation in color and spot pattern of Asian ladybird beetles 2. These variations (traits) are heritable. Variation in closely related species of elephants; offspring resemble close relatives more than other members of a population. 3. Species overproduce. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds. 4. There is competition for resources; not all offspring survive. Not all dandelion seeds germinate or survive to maturity From these four observations, what two inferences did Darwin make? 1. Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals. 2. The unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to the accumulation of favorable traits in the population over generations. It is important to remember that differences in heritable traits can lead to differential reproductive success. This means that the individuals who have the necessary traits to promote survival in the current environment will leave the most offspring. How can this differential reproductive success affect the match between organisms and their environment? When such advantages increase the number of offspring that survive and reproduce, the traits that are favored will likely appear at a greater frequency in the next generation. To demonstrate your understanding of this section, complete the following sentences: Individuals do not evolve. Populations evolve. Now, take out your highlighter and mark the information in the box above. Hold these ideas firmly in your brain! Finally, if you are ever asked to explain Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection (a common AP essay question), do not pull out the phrase â€Å"survival of the fittest.† Instead, cite the points made in question 11 and explain the inferences that are drawn from them. Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Concept 22.3 Evolution is supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence 15. Use Figure 22.13 in your text to explain how research with soapberry bugs demonstrated observable evolutionary change. Museum specimens showed that the average beak length of soapberry bugs was comparable to that of soapberry bugs feeding on native species in southern Florida. However, contemporary data suggest that a change in the size of the soapberry bug’s food source, as seen with the introduction of the goldenrain tree, can result in evolution by natural selection for matching beak size. MRSA is in the news today because it is becoming increasingly more common. What is it? MRSA is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a flesh-eating strain How did it become so dangerous? Explain the evolution of MRSA’s resistance to methicillin. MRSA became dangerous because, over time, doctors used a variety of antibiotics, such as penicillin, to combat MRSA. Each time a new antibiotic was used to fight the disease, some S. aureus populations would develop resistance to the new drug. In 1959, doctors used the powerful antibiotic methicillin. Members of the S. aureus population that were resistant to methicillin reproduced at higher rates, leading to the spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Do antibiotics cause bacteria to become resistant? Explain your response. No. A drug does not create resistant pathogens; it selects for resistant individuals that are already present in the population. Let’s make a list of the four evidences for evolution that are described in this concept. Give an example of each. Evidence for Evolution Example Direct observations of evolutionary change Homology Possible examples include the evolution of MRSA or the change in beak size in soapberry bugs. Possible examples include the similarities between mammalian forelimbs. Possible examples include fossils that show ancestors of cetaceans had hind limbs. Possible examples include the creation of the evolutionary tree of horses, based on fossil locations. Fossil record Biogeography How does the fossil record give evidence for evolution? The fossil record documents the pattern of evolution, showing that past organisms differed from present-day organisms and that many species have become extinct. Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What is meant by each of the following terms? Give an example of each. Term Homologous structures Vestigial structures Analogous structures (see p. 465) Explanation/Example Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry. For example, mammalian forelimbs. A feature of an organism that is a historical remnant of a structure that served a function in the organism’s ancestors. For example, skeletons of some snakes retain vestiges of the pelvis and leg bones. Having characteristics that are similar because of convergent evolution, not homology. For example, the wing of a butterfly and wing of a bat both make flight possible. How do homologous structures give evidence for evolution? Homologous structures represent variations on a structural theme that was present in the common ancestors of a species. What is summarized in an evolutionary tree? An evolutionary tree reflects evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms. Figure 22.17 in your text shows an evolutionary tree. What is indicated by each branch point in the following figure? Mark each branch point. Each branch point represents the common ancestors of the lineage beginning there and to the right of it. Refer to Figure 22.17 on page 464. What is indicated by the hatch marks in Figure 22.17? A hatch mark represents a homologous characteristic shared by all the groups to the right of the mark. Use the tree in question 24 to answer this question: Are crocodiles more closely related to lizards or to birds? Explain your response. Based on this evolutionary tree, crocodiles are more closely related to birds than to lizards because they share a more common ancestor with the birds than with lizards. On the evolutionary tree, label the vertical lines to the right, and annotate the key feature that marks each group. See page 464 of your text for the labeled figure. Organisms that are only distantly related can resemble each other. Explain convergent evolution, and describe how analogous structures can arise. Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in different lineages. In such examples as the marsupials of Australia, in which species share features because of convergent evolution, the resemblance is said to be analogous. Analogous features share similar function, but not common ancestry. Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Convergent evolution might be summarized like this: Similar problem, similar solution. Can you give two examples of convergent evolution? Answers will vary but may include the sugar glider and the flying squirrel, and the evolution of wings in birds and bats. Study Tip Homologous structures show evidence of relatedness (whale fin, bat wing). Analogous structures are similar solutions to similar problems but do not indicate close relatedness (bird wing, butterfly wing). What is biogeography? How is it affected by continental drift and the presence of endemic species? Biogeography is the geographic distribution of species. The geographic distribution of organisms is influenced by many factors, including continental drift, the slow movement of Earth’s movement over time, and the presence of endemic species, species that are found nowhere else in the world. Let’s wrap up all of these ideas with a final summary. ORGANIZE YOUR THOUGHTS Evolution is change in species over time. Heritable variations exist within a population. These variations can result in differential reproductive success. Over generations, this can result in changes in the genetic composition of the population. And remember: Individuals do not evolve! Populations evolve. Test Your Understanding Answers Now you should be ready to test your knowledge. Place your answers here: 1. b Copyright  © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.